![]() The image in the middle of the first column, was taken by the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (PHI) instrument on 18 June 2020. ![]() The middle image shows projected, simultaneous solar images from EUI FSI (red) at Solar Orbiter's position during its first perihelion, the closest point in its orbit to the Sun, and the NASA Solar Dynamic Observatory mission (gray) in Earth orbit. So, EUI will be able to image the far side of the Sun as well as the solar poles. Solar Orbiter will travel around the Sun and out of the ecliptic plane, which loosely defines where the planets orbit. In this region, which is only about 100 km thick, the temperature increases by a factor of up to 100 to reach the one million degrees of the corona. The red images, taken at a slightly longer wavelength of 30 nanometres, show the Sun's transition region, which is an interface between the lower and upper layers of the solar atmosphere. The yellow images, taken at the extreme ultraviolet wavelength of 17 nanometres, show the Sun's outer atmosphere, the corona, which exists at a temperature of around one million degrees. The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) Full Sun Imager (FSI) took the images in the top row and far right column across the week following, and contributed to the central image. The data collected during the flyby could help scientists unlock some of the biggest remaining solar mysteries, including why and how the temperature rises through the sun’s atmosphere.ĮSA's Solar Orbiter is revealing the many faces of the Sun. The spacecraft also carries high-resolution telescopes. Solar Orbiter’s 10 instruments will be running simultaneously, ready to measure the solar wind and keep an eye out for mini flares, called campfires, that researchers spied in the mission’s first images in 2020. You can track Solar Orbiter’s progress using a tool developed by ESA to follow the sun explorer’s journey. The European Space Agency, which jointly manages the mission with NASA, will share the first images and data within a few weeks because it will take time to download and analyze everything gathered during the flyby, according to ESA. This will take Solar Orbiter inside the orbit of Mercury, the closest planet to the sun. The spacecraft will come within 31 million miles (50 million kilometers) of the sun, less than one-third the distance between the star and Earth. The spacecraft's Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) and the X-ray Spectrometer/Telescope (STIX) instruments captured the flare as solar atmospheric gases reached temperatures of about one million degrees C (1,8000,000 F) and emitted extreme ultraviolet energy and X-rays.The Solar Orbiter mission will make its closest flyby of the sun Saturday since launching in February 2020. ![]() The orbiter also captured images and data of a March 2 solar flare. Instead of being closed to particles and trapping them, gasses can escape into space from these darker regions. The darker regions in the video are where the sun's magnetic field lines are open. ![]() Instead, the particles become trapped and emit extreme ultraviolet radiation, which the Solar Orbiter's Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) is poised to capture. They're called closed magnetic field lines because particles have difficulty crossing them. In the video of the sun's south pole, the lighter regions are mostly magnetic loops rising from the sun's interior. The detailed images from the sun's south pole should help researchers understand how this all works. Scientists think that they somehow act as seeds for the next solar activity. The magnetic fields create the powerful but temporary active regions on the sun's surface, and the fields get swept up and down to the poles before being swallowed by the sun again. Scientists are interested in the sun's poles because of how the sun's magnetic fields work.
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